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The toga, a distinctive garment of Ancient Rome, was a cloth of perhaps in length which was wrapped around the body and was generally worn over a tunic. The toga was made of wool, and the tunic under it often was made of linen. After the 2nd century BCE, the toga was worn almost exclusively by Roman men. Women were expected to wear the stola, except for women engaged in prostitution, who were required to wear the toga.〔Catharine Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions: Public Performance and Prostitution in Ancient Rome," in ''Roman Sexualities'' (Princeton University Press, 1997), pp. 81.〕 ==History== The toga was based on a dress robe used by Rome's northern neighbours, the Etruscans. The toga was the dress clothing of the Romans, a thick woolen cloak worn over a loincloth or apron. It is believed to have been established around the time of Numa Pompilius, the second King of Rome. It was taken off indoors, or when hard at work in the fields, but it was considered the only decent attire out of doors. This is evident from the story of Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus: he was ploughing in his field when the messengers of the Senate came to tell him that he had been made dictator; upon seeing them, he sent his wife to fetch his toga from the house so that they could be received appropriately.〔Livius, Titus (ca. 1st century BCE). "Book III: The Decemvirate", chapter (26 ), ''Ab Urbe Condita''.〕 While the truth of the story may be doubtful, it nevertheless expresses the Roman sentiment on the subject. Free citizens were required to wear togas because slaves would wear tunics. They wore them because the tunic was a sign of poverty and would let them work with ease. As time went on, dress styles changed. Romans adopted the shirt (''tunica''), which the Greeks and Etruscans wore, which made the toga more bulky, and caused them to wear it in a looser manner. The result was that it became useless for active pursuits, such as those of war. Its place was therefore taken by the handier sagum or woolen cloak on all military occasions. In times of peace, too, the toga eventually was superseded by the laena, but it remained the court dress of the Roman Empire, which began c. 31 BCE.〔Spart. ''Sever.'' 1, 7. As cited by ''The Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities''.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Toga」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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